Oscillator



Aug. 25, 1942; R. w, BAiLY OSCILLATOR Filed March 25, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet l IIIIIIII Aw 251, 1942. R. w. BAILY 9 OSCILLATOR Filed March 25, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 V v 1 "WV? a Ag: ,4 t

I //'w v Aug. 1342... R. w. BAILY I 2,293,952

' OSCILLATOR Filed March 25, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 I Iii/81270;

Ailt- 2511942. R; w. BAIL? 2,293,962

' OSCILLATOR Filed March 25, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 f?! 109 n E {3118 ,0 L 114 V e j 50, 113

Patented Aug. 25, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OSCILLATOR Robert William Baily, Narberth, Pa.

Application March 25, 1940, Serial No. 325,820

Claims.

My present invention relates to an apparatus and method for imparting vibrations-to 'a mass of material, such as concrete, which becomes plastic when vibrated, the nature of the vibrations being alternating oscillations which when imparted to the mass cause it to become more homogeneous.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my co-fpending application Serial No. 257,295, filed February 20, 1939, entitled Oscillator.

One object of my invention is to provide a member which may be used in a liquid to expeditiously precipitate entrained materials therein or to hasten the chemical combinations of the materials closely associated in the fluid, the apparatus consisting essentially of a member having considerable length in proportion to its lateral dimensions and having a cross-sectional contour other than circular, means being provided to cause the member to oscillate about its longitudinal axis or revolve through less than a complete revolution first in one angular direction and then in the opposite angular direction through less than a complete circle, these revolu-'- tions or oscillations being repeated rapidly whereby projections extending transversely of the member engage the mass in which the member is at least partially immersed, such engagement being in alternately opposite directions whereby to vibrate the mass thus causing it, in the case of concrete or the like, to become plastic and flowing or in the case of liquids causing particles entrained therein to coalesce and become rapidly precipitated out of thefluid or to cause materials intimately associated in the fluid to combine chemically more rapidly than they would otherwise combine if not subjected to such vibrations or oscillations.

Another object of my invention is to provide a member that is other than round and which is oscillated on its longitudinal axis, the member making surface with a material to impart thereto rapid vibrations due to the oscillations of the member whereby the material will become flowing and plastic under .the vibrating influence of the oscillating member, thus resulting in the elimination of entrapped air and surplus water from a material such as Portland cement concrete, the member, if desired, being also arranged to strike off and smooth the surface of the mass as the oscillating member is propelled across the material.

The apparatus'may also be arranged with the oscillating member elevated above the material other members in contact with the material to be treated or at least partially immersed thereinwhereby the latter members are given oscillations transverse to their long axes. The latter mem- 5 bers may be either tubular for immersion in the material, or one may be in the form of a weed or strike-oil member or bothmay be screeds or strike-oil members.

Still another object is to provide mean's whereby the oscillations of the member are not transmitted to a supporting means therefor, and to provide means in the form of a plurality of roi tating out-of-balance weights so related to each other that reversing rotary forces, or forcecouples, moving less than a complete revolution about an axis, are imparted to the oscillating member which therefore revolves about its instantaneous axis in reversing directions,- each movement being less than a complete revolution, and in continuing cycles, thereby vibrating the mass with which it is in contact or in which it is at least partially embedded, in alternately opposite directions, in contrast to the orbital movement in complete circles which would be imparted to the material were the member activated bye. single out-of-balance revolving weight.

A further object is to provide an apparatus for 1 placing concrete or a like material in a slab such as a roadway by means of a container extending across the area of the slab, the forward wall of the container extending below the finished surface elevation of the slab and a vibrator being provided therefor to impart oscillations to the material in the container and to the material adjacent the lower edge of the forward wall thereof.

A further object is to provide the rearward wall of the container extending downwardly to a predetermined elevation above the finished surface of the slab, the aperture thus remaining being closed by an oscillating member having its lower surface substantially at the desired level of the finished surface of the slab and the oscillating member being effective to vibrate the material of the slab with which it is in contact and to strike off and reduce its. upper surface to the desired finished level upon advancement of the apparatus across the slab.

Other objects, purposes and characteristic features of the present invention will be in part obvious from the accompanying drawings and in part pointed out as the description of the invention proceeds. In describing the invention in detail, reference will be made to the accompanyto be treated, connected by suitable connectors to i c wi in which like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views and in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical view partly in elevation and partly in section showing a simple form of my apparatus.

Figure 2 is a bottom'plan view thereof.

Figure 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figures 4 and 5 are diagrammatic plan views showing the operation and action of the parts of the apparatus.

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 6-8 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is a side elevational view of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Figure "I.

Figure 9 is a front elevational view taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 7, parts being omitted.

Figure 10 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line lfl-III of Figure 7.

Figure 11 is a. rear elevational view of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 12 is a vertical view, partly sectional and partly elevational, taken on the line l2-l2 of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic section taken on the line l2-l2 of Figure 1 showing a' position of the oscillator.

Figure 14 is a diagrammatic section taken on the linel2--l2 of Figure 11, showing a later position of the oscillator.

Figure 15 is a top plan partly sectional of other form of my apparatus.

Figure 16 is an elevation takencn the line 16-46 of Figure 15.

Figure 1'7 is an elevational view taken on the line "-11 of Figure 15, with parts in section and parts added, the view being reversed.

Figure 18 is a perspective view of th apparatus of Figure 17.

Figure 19 is a perspective view taken on the line 19-19 of Figure 15, parts being broken away.

Figure 20 is a front elevational view of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 21 is a vertical view, partly sectional, of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 22 isa perspective view of a part of the apparatus of Figure 21.

Figure 23 is a top plan view, partly schematic, of one form of my apparatus.

Figure 24 is a vertical elevation view taken on the line 24-24 of Figure 23.

Figur 25 is a top plan view partly in section of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 26 is a top plan view partly in section of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 27 is a perspective view of another form of my apparatus. Y

Figure 28 is a vertical cross sectional view of part of the apparatus of Figure 27 modified to show a bias attachment not indicated on Figure 27.

Figure 29 is a vertical cross sectional view of another form of my apparatus.

Figure 30 is a vertical cross sectional view of another form of my apparatus.

On the accompanying drawings I have used the reference character OM in Figures 1-6 of the drawings to indicate an oscillating member. This member may take various forms, some of which will be specifically described by reference numerals. Th form of oscillating member .having a shank l0 and a plurality of wings orprojections 12 extending laterally from the longitudinal axis of the oscillating member OM.

shown in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 is an elongated bar The shank I0 01 the oscillating member OM is adapted to be secured in a boss 19 of a casing 20 as by means of a set screw 21. The casing 20 has a cover 22 and journaled in the casing and its cover are shafts 23.

The shafts 23 are spaced from the axis AOM of the oscillating member 0M preferably diametrically opposite each other. A drive shaft 24 is Journaled preferably on the longitudinal axis AOM of the oscillating member OM.

Oil center weights 25 are' mounted on the shafts 23 and are rotated in similar angular directions about shaft 23 by gears 25 and 21. The gears 26 are mounted on the shafts 23 and are rotated by a gear 21 mounted on the drive shaft 24.

The gears 26 and 21' effect timed rotation of the shafts 23 at the same speed, while the off center weights 25 are mounted on the shafts so that they are always in opposed relation to each other. Two of these opposed positions are shown by solid and dash lines respectively.

For rotating the drive shaft 24, I provide a suitable motor 28 connected as by a large tube of rubber or the like 29 to the casing cover 22. The purpose of this type of connection is to minimize vibrations and oscillations of the easing 20 being imparted to the motor 28. For the same reason I provide a rubber sleeve 30 as an operative connection between the drive shaft 24 and the shaft 31 of the motor 28. For supporting the tool thus far described, by hand, a pair of handles 32 may be provided on the motor 28.

Practical operation of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 6 The oscillating member OM is inserted in the material to be vibrated and the motor 28 energized for imparting rotation through the gearing to the oil. center or out of balance weights 25. Obviously when the weights are in the positions shown in Figure 4, the centrifugal force generated by the left hand weight will be in the direction of the arrow a, which is diametrically opposite to the centrifugal force generated by the right hand weight as indicated by the arrow 5. The forces indicated by the arrows a and b fall in the horizontal axis a and since I select my weights 25 so that they are of equal weight and similar shape with respect to their axes of rotation, they generate equal centrifugal forces. These forces acting in the direction of the arrows a and b will tend to rotate the oscillating member OM clockwise in Figure 4 so that the line c-l intersecting the longitudinal axis AOM and the axes of the shafts 23 opens clockwise angles with reference to the line 0.

By the time theweights 25 have rotated to the solid line position shown in Figure 3, the centrifugal forces thereof, as indicated by the arrows d and e, being equal and opposite, cancel each other. Similarly, as the weights 25 rotate further to the-position of Figure 5, the turning moments on the shafts 23 will be as indicated by the arrows f and a, so that line c5 inter- .secting the longitudinal axis AOM and axes of of-balance weight mounted therein. Therefore,

by immersing the oscillating member OM in a mass of material to be vibrated thereby, the Whigs or vanes 20 thereof will impinge against the mass first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, imparting vibrations to the mass at the same rate as the weights 25 revolve. It will beseen that there is no appreciable tendency to displace the longitudinal axis AOM to any outside position parallel to AOM.

The oscillating movement of the member OM is prevented from being transmitted to the motor '28 and thence tothe operator's hands on the handles 32 by the elastic members 29 and 30. These members absorb torsional movement of the casing and of the shaft and thereby pre- 25 vent the transmission of reversing torques of the casing 28 and its cover 22 to the motor and vibration of the shaft 26 to the motor shaft. The collar 29 is also suiiiciently elastic to permit reasonable angular deflection of the oscillating mem- 30 ber relative to the handles 32 to secure the desired oscillating movement as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5.

With reference to the apparatus shown in Figure 1, I have found this type to be especially effective for the placement of concrete in forms where the clearance available for the insertion of a vibrator is very limited. This applies, for example, to the manufacture of concrete plp'e.

For such structures the forms are usually. placed so on a molding board with one open end up. There is usually a large amount of reenforcement between the surfaces of the forms and these surfaces are relatively close together, usually one and one-quarter to two and one-half inches apart. This restricted space combined with the presence of steel reenforcement prevents the use of the ordinary type of vibrator. Such devices have diameters too great to allow them to be inserted in the forms. In my device the oscillating member OM can be made as small in maximum lateral direction-as desired and as long as necessary to reach down through the full depth of the form. As the member OM is caused to oscillate, it will act efliciently throughout its full length to the extreme depth of the form because of its strength in torsion, and any oscillating movement applied to it at any point will be carried at its full intensity throughout the length of the member. blade or member, one end of which is given a rapid, vibrating movement laterally of its longitudinal axis. Such movement is damped out before the other end of the blade is reached. The

blade has little beam strength, and the whipping action is killed before the other end of the blade is reached.

I have also found that when the oscillating member OM is immersed in a fluid carrying particles in suspension, the oscillations are imparted to the fluid, the particles are set into motion and presently a group of such particles will coalesce. The increased mass formed thereby will overcome the surface tension of the fluid and precipitation of the particles is thereby greatly expedited. 76

This may be contrasted to a 60 When the member OM is immersed in a ilui carrying a variety of materials which it is desired tobe caused to enter into chemical combination, the action of the oscillator expedites the prompt intimate association of the various materials and expedites their chemical union in the same manner as the action of a catalyst.

Description of the structures shown in Figures 7 through 10 In the form of my apparatus of Figures 7 through 10 I utilize the apparatus of Figures 1, through 6 except the oscillating member OM and in Figures 7 through 10 I use reference CO to indicate the instantaneous center of oscillation of the housing 28. On one side of the housing 29 of Figures 7 and 8 I provide the lugs am bolted to ends of the links 32a, the other ends of which are bolted to the lugs 33 of the head 3%. Projecting from the head 34 I provide the oscillating member 35 having its axis of oscillation OV ap proximately parallel to the shaft 2% in housing 2d. The member 35 may have any shape and I show one form having the general crosssection' of a figure 8, the tubular parts being joined by the web 36 and having the stiffeners 31. On the housing 20 I provide the strut 39 carrying the elastic bumpers 38. On the links 32a I provide the stop lugs ill, the object being that by intermittent contact of bumpers 38 against stop lugs dd, I maintain the position of the axis OV approximately intersecting the line CC passing through the housing 20.

Practical operation of the apparatus shown in I Figures 7 through 10 be subjected to torque applied in reversing cycles by the head 34. Since the oscillator 35 is torsionally rigid, such reversing cycles of torque will be equally, or approximately equally, transmitted to the free end 35a of oscillator 35. The oscillator 35 will oscillate in reversing cycles about its instantaneous axis of oscillation 0V. when the oscillator 35 is at least partially immersed in a material to be vibrated, the material will be subjected to impacting oscillatory vibratory forces from the projecting edges of the oscillator 35. The form of the apparatus shown in Figures 'I through 10 is very convenient in locations where clearance for the motor 28 and housing 20 is restricted. The oscillating member 35 may of course be operated in any position, vertically, horizontally, or otherwise.

Description of the structures shown in Figures 11 through 14 In Figures 11 through 14 I show an apparatus 'on the order of that shown in Figures '7 through 10. The oscillating housing 20 is supported in,a position with the shaft 24a (corresponding to shaft 24 of figure) disposed horizontally and car ried in the supporting bearings 4| on the struts 42 which in turn through their pins 43 engage the frame 44 of a carriage which is not otherwise shown. The shaft 24a extends through one bearand carries a sheave 45 which is driven through the belts 46 by a source of power not shown.

The downwardly extending forward links 32' and rearward links 32r from the housing 29 enand 58 may be of any convenient length and may be associated with any desired number of oscillating housings 28, at any desired locations. The cross sectional form of the members 49 and 50 may be of various shapes, but for this illustration I have shown an egg-shaped cross section with the small curve of the section projecting in the direction of the arrow 52 which for this illustration is also the direction of the propulsion of the members 49 and 56 through the material 5|. In Figure 12, I apply the reference number 25b to the forward weight 25 of Figure 5, and the reference number 25a to the rearward weight of Figure 5, as shown in Figure 12. When the weights have rotated to their positions shown in Figure 12, the weight 25b generates the force in the direction shown at the arrow )b, and the weight 25a generates the force in the direction of the arrow fa. Force II) is transmitted through the forward link 32a in the direction of the arrow fbl and moves the member 50 downward in the direction of the arrow fbm. Force fa is transmitted through the rearward link in the direction of the arrow fat and moves the member 49 upward in the directon of the arrow fam. It will be noted that the members 49 and 50 have oscillated about their instantaneous center of oscillation V.

In Figure 13 I show the members 49'and 59 in their positions as described for Figure 12, member 49 travelling upwardly in the direction of arrow jam, and member 56 travelling downward in the direction of the arrow fbm. In this cycle the member 49 imparts vibrations to the material in the directions of the arrows 53, while during the same cycle the member 50 imparts vibrations to the material 5| in the directions of the arrows 64. The line Y-Y passing through the axes of the members 49 and 50 slants upward as it travels from 58 to 49.

In Figure 14 I show the condition existing when the weights 25a and 25b have revolved 180 from their positions shown in Figure 12. The line Y-Y now slants downward as it passes from member 58 to member 49. The forces imparted to the material 5| during this cycle by the member 49 are in the directions of the arrows 53a, and

. the forces of member 59 imparted to material 5| are in the directions of the arrows 54a. It will be seen that as the members are propelled in the direction of the arrow 52, the material 5| will be subjected to two vibratory treatments, first by the member 56, and second by the member 49. The material 5| being treated will have been subjected twice to vibrations in all directions.

I may elect to use any greater number of members like 49 and 58 to subject the material 5| to a greater plurality of treatments.

I may also join the lower faces of members 49 and 56 with a diaphragm, and the member may then be conveniently used for applying vibrations to the upper surface of the material 5|.

Description of the structures shown through In Figures 15 and 16 I show one method for supporting the members 49 and 56 of Figure 12. The shoe 55 having the lower face 56 and the vertical face 51 is arranged to travel upon the forms or fixed means.58 (which restrains that portion of the material 5| which lies below the tops 59 of the fixed means 58). Face 51 is provided with the elongated holes 60 receiving the bolts 6| which in turn engage the flange 62 on the hollow bearing 63 enclosing the elastic holder 64 engaging and carrying the shaft 65 which in turn supports the arm 46 carrying the members 49 and 50. The arm 46 is connected with oscillation or vibration producing means as shown in in Figures Figures 7 or 12. The shaft 65 engages the arm 46 at the center of oscillation CV of the'members 49 and 58. Holder 64, being elastic, permits the shaft 65 to oscillate within the holder 64 without imparting any appreciable oscillation to the shoe 55. Likewise, the holder 64 will absorb any vibrations of the shaft 65 induced by shifting of the instantaneous center of oscillation CV.

The vertical face 51 of shoe 55 will restrain any material 5| the elevation of which may be above the top 59 of forms 58 and prevent the wasting of material 5l' over the forms 58.

In Figures 17 and 18 I show the arm 46 provided with the stops 66, corresponding to the stops 49 of Figure 8. I also show the bumpers 67 of elastic material carried in the holder 68 which in turn is adjustably attached to face 5'! of shoe 55. Bumpers 6'! perform the same function as bumpers 38 of Figure 8. By lowering end 68b and elevating end 68a, the member 56 may be held in lower position than member 49, and vice versa.

In Figures 15 and 19 I show the projections 69 attached to member 49, and 10 attached to member 50. When the members 49 and 50 oscillate around the shaft 65, projections 69 and 18 will oscillate in the directions of the arrows H and thereby adequate vibrations will be imparted to the material 5| resting adjacent to the forms 58.

Vertical adjustment of the members 49 and 59 with relation to tops 59 of forms 58 may be accomplished in several manners. One manner may be'through the vertical adjustment of the flange 62 against plate 51. Another may bc form of a chain or cable 13 attached at one end at 14 to face 51, the chain or cable 13 at the other end being engaged by any suitable elevating and lowering apparatus, not shown.

In addition to or in lieu of the shoes 55 to support the members 49 and 59, I may provide wheeled devices resting on the forms 58 and traveling thereover, and I may also utilize screws or hydraulic devices, or bell-cranks, to perform the operations of lifting and lowering the members 49 and 59 and determining their elevations at anyparticular instant.

In Figure 20 I showa diagrammatic front elevation of my apparatuses applied to the construction of roadways or slabs. The side forms 58 carry the shoes 56. The frame 15 of a carvating and lowering levers 16 carrying members 'Il associated with the shoes 56, and the member E9 associated with the shafts 65 of the members 49 and 50. By means of adjustments provided in members H and I8, the relative elevations of ends 19, 80, 8| and 82 of members 49 and 50 may be established at will, thereby providing for crowned or flat roadway surfaces, and for treating a material whose surface elevation is below the tops 59 of the forms 58.

The members 49-50 have arms 46a connected with members 20 as already explained in describing other forms.

The members 49 and 50 may be utilized for reducing the upper surface of the material 5I to any desired finished surface elevation, and for planing or screeding, or both, the material 5|.

In lieu of the revolving weights of Figures 1 through I2 utilized to oscillate the housing 20 about its instantaneous center of oscillation 0M, I may elect to utilize oppositely moving pistons disposed on opposite sides of the axis 0M and; thereby oscillate the housing 20, or I may elect to utilize any other system to accomplish the desired result in the manner shown.

In Figures 21 and 22, I show another form of my apparatus. The tubes 49 and 50 of Figure 12 have been replaced by a single surface type oscillating device, consisting of the lower flat surface 8% having the vertical pusher plate 95 with the transition curved portion 89. In the drawings I have shown the axis of oscillation 0V closer to link 32 than to link 321', and the line 92 closer to the axis (3-0 than is link 921'. This arrangement permits the transition portion 96 to have a less degree of amplitude than the rearward. portion 8? of the plate 94. The axis 0V may have any desired spaced relation with respect to links 32f and 921'. I

The axis C-C may or may not be parallel to the links 32f and 321'.

In Figures 21 and 22 I show another form of the stops 90 of Figure 8. I provide the steel leaf spring 08 held by the clamp 89 of arm 96, at 98a. The end 88b of the spring 88 is held from lateral movement by the bumpers 61. Any oscillation of arm 46 about axis 0V will deflect the spring 88, and the spring 88 will act as conservers of energy and assist the arm 46 in oscillating in the opposite direction on each half of the cycle of oscillation.

Description of the structures shown in'Figures 23 through 30 In Figures 23 and '24 I show the oscillating housing 20 having the weights 25 actuated by a sheave 90 on shaft 24, and on the opposite side of the housing I attach a torque tube 9| extending through arms 92, 93 and 94 each of which carries the connecting rods 32) and 321', of Figure 12. Figure 24 representsthe relationship of parts at the instant the oscillating housing 20 is moving in the counter-clockwise direction so that the shafts of the weights 25 lie in the line L. The casing 20 had just previously coincided with the line B, and had rotated to the-position of the line L. I have found that in certain combinations of the weight and diameter of the tube 9|, and with certain combinations of the length of the tube 9t, there develops, during the oscillation of the housing 20, a node in the tube 9I at the point N'somewhere between the ends 9Ia and 9Ib. In other words, while the end 9) is still rotating in a clockwise direction about the tube axis 0V, the housing 20 and end 9Ia of the tube 9| is still roaxis 0V. The longitudinal element NR-NRa 9f 99, and therefore little if any oscillatory motion will be imparted tothe arm 93 and. to the connecting rods 32 and 321' attached thereto.

In Figure 25 I show an arrangement of my apparatus which overcomes the defect indicated in Figures 23 and 24. The tube 9| attached at one end to one oscillating housing 20 extends to the point 9Ib atthe mid-pointof enveloping .tube 90 and the end 9Ib of tube 9| is rigidly attached to the tube 96 by a diaphragm 95. Reversing rotative motion of tube 9| will be transmitted to the mid-point of tube 96 and if the tube 96 be properly proportioned as to diameter, weight and length, all of the arms 92, 93 and 94 will receive identical oscillatory motion. When convenient a construction utilizing more than one tube 9| or oscillating housings 20 may be resorted to.

In Figure 26 I show another arrangement of my apparatus which overcomes the defect indicated in Figures 23 and 24. In the arrangement of Figure 26 the one housing 20 shown is mounted close to the mid-point 97 of tube 98, so that reversing rotative motion of the housing 20 is so transmitted to tube 98 that all the arms 92, 93 and St-receive identical oscillatory motion. v

In all these arrangements it is desirable that the various members he so proportioned that their natural periods of oscillation are above .the period of oscillation of the housing 20. If the period of oscillation of any principal member of the apparatus which receives oscillation is below or less than the period of oscillation imparted by the housing 20, then such member vibrates violently and may on occasion be destroyed before the frequency of operating oscillation passes through that natural period of oscillation of the member I under consideration. I have found that excessive amounts of power are required to cause the frequency of oscillation to pass throughthe natural period of oscillation of any principal member of the apparatus, and one feature of my invention is to design the apparatus to have the natural frequency of oscillation -of all principal members of the apparatus in excess of the frequency of oscillation of the working speed of the housing 20.

In Figure 27 I show a form of my apparatus utilizing the apparatus of Figure 26.

I provide the struts or pushers 42 like Figure 12 through the pin 41. I also provide a hanger I04 attached to hanger I05 which supports a rocker arm I08 through the pin 0V and the rocker arm I08 in turn supports the strut 32 through the pin 49, and the strut 321' through the pin 41. Hanger tating in a counter-clockwise direction about the 75 I05 is attached to the hanger I04 by means of bolts I06 running in slotted holes I01, whereby the elevation of the rocker arm I08 may be adjusted upwardly or downwardly for crowning the vibrator members 49 and 50. The hangers I02 and I05 -through rocker arms I03 and I08 serve not only to determine the elevation of the vibrator elements 49 and 50 but also to propel said ele- .ments through or in contact with the material to be treated.

The upper ends of struts 32 and 321' are connected to arms 92, 93 and 94 by pins 3Ic, and thereby not only transmit the oscillations of torque tube 98 to the vibrator elements 49 and 60, but also serve to sustain the tube 99 above the beam 99-. To maintain the axis of tube 98 vertically above the axis of the beam 99, I provide the vertical arms I09 attached to the beam 99 and through pins IIO engaging links III which in turn engage the shafts 24 and extension bars 240 of tube 98. This arrangement permits the tube 98 to vary in elevation relative to beam 99..

Through a belt II2 I drive the sheave 96 and themby actuate the oscillator housing 20, which in turn oscillates the torque tube 98. Through the struts 32; and 32r these oscillations are transmitted to the vibrator element 50 attached to struts 32! and the vibrator element 49 attached to struts 321'.

On the beam 99 I may mount a plurality of torque tubes,,98 with attached devices, and by means of the adjustable members shown may crown the various sets of vibrator elements 69 and 60 to accommodate any desired transverse curvature of the material being treated. I may also provide a plurality of beams 99 with attached devices. In lieu of the belt drive H2 shown, I may actuate the oscillator housing 20 by any other convenient means.

The vibrator elements 49 and of Figure 2'7 may be changed to other forms of elements or combinations as hereinafter described.

In Figure 28 I show the vibrator tubes 49 and 50 with supporting struts 32f and Mr in combination with the bias attachment of Figures 21 and 22. The rocker arm 48 is provided with the bosses 89 engaging the leaf spring 88. The beam 99 is provided with the lugs 68c preventing the spring 88 from revolving about the axis 0V, and thereby maintaining the elevations of elements 49 and 50 at approximate similar vertical elevation or at any deviation therefrom that may be desired.

In Figure 29 I have removed the vibrator elements 49 and 50 and have substituted screeds H3 and H4 whose vertical faces II5 are suitably attached to struts 32f and 320 and thereby maintained in vertical position. Screeds H3 and H4 may be of the general form shown in Figures 21 and 22. When the apparatus moves to the left as indicated by arrow. iii the screed II4 engages the material 5i and vibrates it in all directions as indicated by the arrows 54 and 54a. Screed II3 acts in the same manner, and the apparatus leaves the material 5| struck off to desired finished surface elevation at I II.

In Figure 30 I have removed tube 49 of Figure 28 and substituted screed I |3 of Figure 29. Tube 50 engages the material SI and vibrates it internally in all directions as shown by arrows 54 and 54a, and thereafter, the apparatus being propelled in the direction of the arrow I I8, the material Si is engaged by the screed II3 functioning the same as screed II4 of Figure 29,

leaving the material 5i struck off to desired surface elevation at In.

I may also utilize a plurality of oscillating members actuated by.a single actuating means, an oscillating member actuated by a plurality of actuating means, or a plurality of oscillating members actuated by a plurality of actuatin means.

Having described specific embodiments of my invention, I desire it to be understood that these forms are selected to facilitate the disclosure of the invention rather than to limit the number of forms which it may assume, and it is to be understood further that various modifications, adaptations and alterations may be applied to the specific forms disclosed to meet the requirements of practice without in any manner departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, except as set forth in the claims appended hereto.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a vibrating apparatus for material a casing, a shank having a roughened surface thereon secured at one end to the casing and having another end extending freely therefrom for immersing in the material to be vibrated, means for oscillating the shank first in one direction and then in the reverse direction about its longitudinal axis comprising two rotatable off-center weights, a shaft mounting each weight respectively on the casing adjacent and in spaced relation to said one end of the shank, said shafts being in spaced parallel relation to the axis of the shank and said off-center weights being disposed on opposite sides of their respective shafts, and power means including a drive element mounted on the casing connected to the respective shafts for rotating the shafts and weights in synchronisin in the same clockwise direction whereby reversing force couples are imparted to the shank.

2. In a vibrating apparatus for material a casing, a shank having a roughened surface thereon secured at one end to the casing and having another end extending freely therefrom for immersing in the material to be vibrated, manual supporting members for supporting the apparatus in the material, means for oscillating the shank first in one direction and then in the reverse direction about its longitudinal axis comprising two rotatable oil-center weights, a shaft mounting each weight respectively within the casing adjacent and in spaced relation to 'said one end of the shank, said shafts being in spaced parallel relation to the axis of the shank and said oil-center weights being disposed on opposite sides of their respective shafts, and power means in the casing including a drive element mounted on the casing connected to the respective shafts for rotating the shafts and weights in synchronism in the same clockwise direction whereby reversing force couples are imparted to the shank.

3. In a vibrating apparatus for material 9. casing, a shank having a roughened surface thereon secured at one end to the casing and having another end extending freely therefrom for immersing in the material to be vibrated, manual supporting members for supporting the apparatus in the material, means for oscillating the shank first in one direction and then in the reverse direction about its longitudinal axis comprising two rotatable ofl-center weights, a shaft mounting each weight respectively within the casing adjacent and in spaced relation to said one end of the aaaaaoa shank, said shafts being in spaced parallel relation to the axis of the shank and said ofl-center weights being disposed on opposite sides of their a respective shafts, and power means in the casing having a drive shaft in axial alignment with said shank including a drive element mounted on the casing common to both said off-center weights connected to the respective shafts for rotating the shafts and weights in synchronism in the same clockwise direction whereby reversing force couples are imparted to the shank,

4. In a vibrating apparatus for material a casing, an elongated sh'ank having longitudinal ribs thereon detachably secured at the upper end to the casing and having the lower end extending freely therefrom for immersion in the material to be vibrated, manual supporting members for supporting the apparatus in the material, means for oscillating the shank first in one direction'and then in the reverse direction about its longitudinal axis comprising two rotatable oil-center weights, a shaft mounting each weight respectively within the casing above the shank, said shafts being in spaced parallel relation to the axis of the shank and said oil-center Weights being disposed on opposite sides of their respective shafts, and power means inthe casing having a drive shaft in axial alignment with said shank including a drive element mounted on the cash}:

sh'afts and weights in synchronism in'the same clockwise direction whereby reversing force couples are imparted to the shank.

5. In a vibrating. apparatus for material a I frame adapted to be suspended adjacent the niaterial, an elongated vibrating element having an irregular cross-sectional shape-attached to the frame, having a freely extended portion within the material to be vibrated, a casing associated with the element, means for oscillating the casing and the attached vibrating element first in one direction and then in the reverse direction about its longitudinal axis comprising two rotatable off-center weights, a shaft mounting each weight respectively on the casing, said shafts being spaced in parallel relation to each other and said oil-center weights being disposed on opposite sides of their respective shafts, and power means including a drive element mounted on the casing connected to the respective shafts for rotating the shafts and weights in synchronism in the same clockwise direction whereby reversing force couples are imparted to the vibrating element.

ROBERT WILLIAM BAILY. 

